Duplex nozzle



Sept- 22, 1953 wfJ. PURc'HAs., JR., m AL 2,653,054

DUPLEX NOZZLE Filed Deo. 14, 1949 gre Patented Sept. 22, 1953 UNITED STATES PAT ENT OFFICE Rapids, Mich., assignors` to` General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a; corporation ofV Delaware Application December 14, 1949', Seri'aIN'o". 132,864

Claims.

The present invention generally relates to fuel spray nozzles and more particularly to improvements in nozzles of the variable flow and spray pattern type.

The present invention is embodied in a fuel nozzle comprising few, easily formed, and readily detachable parts cooperating to form dual fuel pressure supply passages each supplying separate tangentially disposed fuel orifices leading to a whirling chamber having a common discharge orice; and a valve seat, valve head and manually adjustable means in one supply passage, the manually adjustable means serving to retain the Valve head in off-center seating relation with said seat in order to obtain uniform unseating of the valve head at a preset value of pressure acting thereon as determined by the manually adjustable means.

The preferred arangement of a nozzle in accordance with. the invention is described in the following detailed description of this assembly and clearly illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Figure l of the drawings is a longitudinal sectional view of the nozzle assembly in operative position with parts shown broken away and in section.

Figure 2 is a transverse cross sectional View taken on line 2-2 of Figure l.

Figure 3 is a transverse cross sectional view taken on line 3 3 of Figure l.

As best illustrated in Figure l, the nozzle assembly comprises a nozzle body l having an external flange 3 seated in uid tight relation by means of a sealing gasket l on a iianged surface of a fuel pressure receiver 5 having an internally threaded opening shown engaged by the externally threaded portion l of the nozzle body l.

A fuel filter element 5 is threaded in the inner end counterbore lll coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the nozzle body i and forms a fuel inlet chamber.

Large and small diameter supply passages li and i3 lead from the fuel inlet chamber it in parallel relation with respect to the longitudinal axis of this chamber and the nozzle body i. An annular Valve seat l5 is threaded into the inlet end of the large diameter supply passage Il. An internally threaded counterbore il is pro vided in the opposite or fuel discharge end of the body l in coaxial relation with the axis thereof. A smaller internally threaded opening I9 extends coaiiially inwardly from the counterbore l1 and opens in off-center relation into the 2; adjacent end of the large diameter passage Il, the smaller diameter passage I3 opening directlyl in off-center relation into the inner end of the counterbore Il. An annular spring seat 2| is adjustably threaded into the opening l5' and an annular lock member 25 is? also threaded in the opening le and abuts the outer end of the spring' seat. A helical compression spring 25 is seated on an exterior annular flange 2l of the spring seat 2| and the other end of the spring is seated on an exterior annular flange 29 of a valve head 3l and retains the head in ofi-center seating relation on the valve seat l5. The fuel pressure applied through the annular valve seat l5 to the dat seating face at one side of the axis of the valve .head 3l tends to tiltI the head 3l on the seat I5 against the action of the spring 25 and the head is tapered at 33 to provide a peripheral knife edge 35 on the seating face to promote this tilting unseating action of the head, the knife edge 35 engaging a point in the internal surface of the large diameter fuel passage Il closest to this edge.

A hollow nozzle cap 3l is threaded in the counterbore I1 in the outlet end of the body I. The cap is provided with an internal Iiange 39 adjacent the discharge end and the inner end face abuts the bottom face of the counterbore Il and is provided with an annular groove 4i registering wth the smaller diameter passage i3 in the nozzle body I. A fuel passage 43 eX- tends from the groove 4lv in the cap to a point inside the internal iiange 3S thereof.

A hollow cylindrical fuel whirling chamber element, generally indicated at 45, is provided with an external iiange 41 which is retained seated on the internal ange 39 of the cap 31 by an annular nut 49 screwed in the inner `end of the cap 3l, an annular spacer 5I being placed between the nut 49 and flange 4l of the element 45. The flange 4l of the fuel whirling element 45 is provided with a circumferential groove 53 registering with the outer end of the cap fuel passage 43. As best shown in Figures l and `3 two fuel passages 55 extend from the iiange groove 53 of the element 45 in tangential relation to the internal surface of the element adjacent the reduced diameter outlet discharge orifice 55 in the end thereof shown extending outwardly of the cap flange 39. An annular orifice plate 5l is seated in a counterbore of the whirling element d5 axially inwardly of the tangential passages 55 and a closure plate 59 is pressed in a counterbore in the inner end of the whirling element 45. As best shown in Figures 1 and 2, four fuel passages 5| of larger diameter also extend through the wall of the element 45 intermediate the closure plate and orifice plate in tangential relation to the internal surface of the element. The outer end of the tangential passages 6| open into an enlarged internal diameter portion of the spacer 5| in the cap 31.

The operation of the above described fuel nozzle assembly is as follows: Fuel at a value of pressure below that causing the above described tilting unseating action of the valve head 3| enters through the filter 9 and inlet chamber |0 in the nozzle body I, passes through the small diameter body passage, the groove 4| and passage 43 in the cap, and through the groove 53 and tangential passages 55 in the fuel whirling element 45, causing centrifugal whirling of the fuel in the element between the orifice plate 5T and discharge passage 56, causing fuel to be discharge therefrom in a wide angle conical spray pattern. The orifice plate 51 prevents back flow of fuel through this orifice plate and larger diameter tangential passages 6| to the interior of the annular spacer 5| and nut 49 in the cap 3l and thereby restricts back flow of fuel through the annular lock 23 and spring seat 2| to the portion of the larger diameter passage behind the valve head 3|. The valve head unseats by tilting action with minimum friction when the fuel pressure rises to a value just sufficient to overcome the force of the spring 25 determined by the adjustment of the spr-ing seat 2|. Fuel under pressure then passes the unseated valve head 3| and flows through the annular members 2|, 23, 49 and 5| and passes through the other tangential passages 6| in the element 45, centrifugal whirling action of the fuel then takes place between the closure plate 59 and orificeplate 57, and the fuel is discharged, the orificeplate supplements the whirling action of the fuel due to the tangential passages 55 adjacent the discharge orifice 56, so that increased fuel is discharged at increased pressure through both sets of tangential passages 55-6I and a narrow angle conical spray pattern is obtained.

The above arrangement of easily formed parts cooperates in the manner described to cause uniform unseating of the valve head at the value determined by the spring adjustment each time the pressure acting in off-center relation on the head and spring occurs and also causes the valve head to be reseated in different off-center positions on the seat.

Reference is made to the applicants copending application Serial No. 223,061 for Duplex Fuel Nozzle, filed April 26, 1951, which is a continuation-in-part of this application directed to the fuel spray tip structure.

We claim:

l. A fuel spray nozzle comprising, in combination, a body, a fuel inlet thereto, a spray tip therein, the body defining two passages therein extendingfrom the inlet to the spray tip, a portion of one of the passages constituting a valve chamber, a valve seat at the inlet end of the chamber, a spring abutment facing the valve seat and located off center with respect to the valve seat, a valve head normally engaging the seat, and a helical compression spring disposed between the abutment and the valve head and concentric with the abutment and the head, the offcenter location of the abutment causing the head to seat off-center on the valve seat, the wall of the chamber cooperating with the edge of the '4 valve head to limit the eccentricity of the seating thereof.

2. A fuel spray nozzle comprising, in combination, a body having a fuel inlet thereto, a spray tip therein, the body defining two passages therein extending from the inlet to the spray tip, a portion of one of the passages constituting an annular Valve chamber, a valve seat at the inlet end of the chamber, a spring abutment mounted in the body facing the valve seat and located off-center with respect to the valve seat, an annular valve head reciprocably mounted in the chamber normally engaging the seat, and a helical compression spring biasing the valve head against the valve seat disposed between the abutment and the valve head and centered on the valve head, the off-center location of the abutment causing the head to seat olf-center on the valve seat, the wall of the chamber cooperating with the edge of the valve head to limit the eccentricity of the seating thereof and to guide the reciprocation thereof.

3. A fuel spray nozzle comprising, in combination, a body having a fuel inlet thereto, a spray tip therein, the body dening two passages therein extending from the inlet to the spray tip, a portion of one of the passages constituting an annular valve chamber, a valve seat at the inlet end of the chamber, a spring abutment mounted in the body facing the valve seat and located olf-center with respect to the valve seat, an annular valve head reciprocably mounted in the chamber normally engaging the seat, and a helical compression spring biasing the valve head against the valve seat disposed between the abutment and the valve head and centered on the valve head, the off-center location of the abutment causing the head to seat off-center on the Valve seat, the wall of the chamber cooperating with the edge of the valve head to limit the eccentricity of the seating thereof and to guide the reciprocation thereof, and the edge of the head being chamfered away from the seating surface thereof to provide an acute edge engaging the said wall.

4. A valve operated by fiuid pressure comprising, in combination, a body defining an annular valve chamber, a valve seat at the inlet end of the chamber, a spring abutment mounted in the body facing the valve seat and located off -center with respect to the valve seat, an annular valve head reciprocably mounted in the chamber normally engaging the seat, and a helical oompression spring biasing the Valve head against the Valve seat disposed between the abutment and the valve head and centered on the valve head, the off-center location of the abutment causing the head to seat off-center on the valve seat, the wall of the chamber cooperating with the edge of the Valve head to limit the eccentricity of the seating thereof and to guide the reciprocation thereof.

5. A valve operated by fiuid pressure comprising, in combination, a body defining an annular valve chamber, a valve seat at the inlet end of the chamber, a spring abutment mounted in the body facing the valve seat and located off-center with respect to the valve seat, an annular valve head reciprocably mounted in the chamber normally engaging the seat, and a helical compression spring biasing the Valve head against the valve seat disposed between the abutment and the valve head and centered on the valve head, the off-center location of the abutment causing the head to seat off-center on the valve seat, the wall of the chamber cooperating 5 with the edge of the valve head to limit the Number eccentricity of the seating thereof and to guide 1,652,011 the reciprocation thereof, and the edge of the 1,656,894 head being chamfered away from the seating 1,747,332 surface thereof to provide an acute edge engag- 5 1,852,033 ing the said wall. 1,873,781 WILLIAM J. PURCHAS, JR. 2,208,032 EDWARD ORENT. 2,214,459 2,284,457 References Cited in the file of this patent 10 UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Number Name Date 367,510 851,358 Kiesselbach Apr. 23, 1907 579,417 1,089,156 Richardson Mar. 3, 1914 1,599,414 Huff sept. 14, 1926 15 Name Date House Dec. 6, 1927 Haynes Jan. 17, 1928 Summers Feb. 118, 1930 Summers Apr. 5, 1932 Nightingale Aug. 23, 1932 Hooper July 16, 1940 Gottlieb Sept. 10, 1940 Van Nest May 26, 1942 FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Italy Jan. 25, 1939 Great Britain Aug. 2, 1946 

